Authored By: B. V Waghmare

Sunday, August 31, 2008

Pregnancy with TB and AIDS HIV a important issue

Pregnancy with TB and AIDS HIV a important issue
As per the existing guidelines we cannot use HAART with Nevirapine and Anti TB drugs with Rifampicin as they interact and results in lower levels of both the drugs. It can be used with another anti TB drug Rifabutine but it is too costly ( around Rs 40 - Rs 50 per tab day therapy). Also on the other hand Nevirapine should not be used in women with CD4 more than 250 due to fear of hepatotoxicity as per the recommendations. Under the condition it is adviced to use Efavirenz after 2nd or in 3rd trimester, otherwise we have to use safe PIs (which is very costly)I have seen teratogenicity in a child where Efavirenz was used in 2nd and 3rd trimester at some center.Under the condition it might be advisable to use Abacavir in place of either Nevirapine or Efavirenz or other PIs during pregnancy or otherwise we can continue using Rifampicine and Nevirapine with a bit enhanced dosage and with a very close followup irrespective of CD4 base line during pregnancy.Nevirapine is the most widely available nonteratogenic third agent (apart from 2 NRTIs) in resource poor settings and in many clinics in developing countries, including Haiti ZL Clinics (Zanmi Lasante clinics), is used in the first line regimen for ART and PPTCT regardless of maternal CD4 count with close hepatic monitoring.A large Brazilian study has demonstrated minimal toxicity from this approach.

Source: http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/tb/tbanti.pdf




Information on HIV Virus and AIDS symptoms


Last updated: 31-Oct2008


Sunday, August 24, 2008

The Work of WHO on HIV/AIDS

Friends realy the task is very much serious but not impossible .
We have to irradicate HIV AIDS from this world, and this is possible only throuh prevention.
1.If there is not a sigle individual infected trough all possible means ,we can achive and save this world .
2.Hence please educate evey one you come in contact with about HIV AIDS,
education is the only resource that human being has achived great sucess in all fields so educate peoples ,your near and dear ones, so that we can save this world .
3.Targeted and Focused and intensive research on HIV drugs, and VACCINES.
4.One should not worry if you accidently get a prik of a niddle of hiv infected patient while treating him, as the chemotherapy is realy very advanced and 100% we can guaranty safty of life .But this has to be treated on urgent basis and hospitalised condition for few weeks, and you are ok.
You should always take good care while handeling blood samples and doing surgeries , and dressings.
Source: 
Here is the link i will like to provide you for your knowlage
WHAT WHO IS DOING OVER THIS DISEASE
and aids hiv drugs used on hiv aids






Last updated: 24-Aug-2008


Saturday, August 23, 2008

Personalized HIV therapy developed

Dear Friends i am happy to tel you all that the days are not long now to get a complete cure of this disease,as i had writen in my earlier posts ,
that it is quite possible to treat patients with the virus strain (antigen) isolated from his body and by making the use of this strain we can develop Antibodies(Vaccine) against this strain catagoricaly ,by challenging immune system of other animal or human being against this antigen....(Virus requires atenuation fractionation. ) ,and making use of thus formed immunoglobulines in other animals body as Vaccine for the patient.
and here i got a news from my Indian Forum that this thing is realy going on this direction! PERSONALISED VACCINES FOR SPECIFIC PERSON.

WASHINGTON:
A research team - Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), with researchers from Universite de Montreal have developed a personalized immunotherapy to fight HIV/AIDS.

Scientists were finding it difficult to develop an AIDS vaccine due to higher genetic variability of the HIV virus.

"Our approach is unique in the world: no one else has yet developed customized immunotherapy using the virus from individual patients," said Dr Jean-Pierre Routy, from MUHC.

"This experimental technique remains long and costly for the moment, but we're hoping it will hold the promise of a completely innovative and widely available treatment in the future," he added.

This immunotherapy is based on the properties of dendritic cells, whose role is to present specific proteins from infectious organisms at their surface, thereby alerting the rest of the immune system.

In collaboration with Argos Therapeutics, the researchers designed a study in which the dendritic cells of nine study patients were multiplied in vitro and then treated with the RNA (ribonucleic acid) from the virus that had infected each patient. A virus sample was taken before the administration of any antiretroviral treatment.

The surfaces of these manipulated dendritic cells present an increased number of HIV proteins, which allows them to stimulate the cytotoxic response of a certain type of immune cell called CD8+ lymphocytes.

After receiving multiple subcutaneous injections of these dendritic cells, eight of the nine patients involved experienced a significant increase in CD8+ lymphocyte activity.

"At this stage, we have shown that the technique doesn't cause side effects or an undesirable auto-immune response," said Dr Routy.

My best vishes to Dr Routy and Dr Jean-Pierre Routy AND I PRAY TO GOD TO GIVE THEM GREAT SUCCESS IN THISplease do it so that no son get hate from his parents like what happened in Gujrat.
and no family is lost like in mumbai Mulund.
Read in depth this blog to know about
aids hiv drugs used on hiv aids

Source:
http://muhc.ca/newsroom/news/personalized-immunotherapy-fight-hivaids

===================================================






Last updated: 23-Aug-2008



Tuesday, August 19, 2008

ANTI AIDS, HIV THERAPY,WHAT WILL BE A POSSIBLE BREAKTHROUGH IN RESEARCH ON ANTI AIDS DRUGS

ANTI AIDS, HIV THERAPY,WHAT WILL BE A POSSIBLE BREAKTHROUGH IN RESEARCH ON ANTI AIDS, HIV DRUGS

I AM GIVING HERE ALL POSSIBILITIES & BREAKTHROUGHS IN RESEARCH ON ANTI AIDS DRUGS.
KNOW MORE ON HOW HIV VIRUS INFECTS HUMAN ,AND HOW TO PREVENT YOURSELF FROM IT.
WHAT ARE THE CURRENT MEDICINES USED FOR TREATMENT AND
WHAT WILL BE THE POSSIBLE DRUGS FOR FIGHTING THIS DEADLY DISEASE

What is HIV?

HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS.

While many viruses can be controlled by the immune system, HIV targets and infects the same immune system cells that are supposed to protect us from illnesses. These are a type of white blood cell called CD4 cells.

HIV takes over CD4 cells and turns them into virus factories that produce thousands of viral copies. As the virus grows, it damages or kills CD4 cells, weakening the immune system.

What is AIDS?
AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection.

HIV causes AIDS by attacking the immune system’s soldiers – the CD4 cells. When the immune system loses too many CD4 cells, you are less able to fight off infection and can develop serious, often deadly, infections. These are called opportunistic infections (OIs) because they take advantage of the body's weakened defenses.

When someone dies of AIDS, it is usually opportunistic infections or other long-term effects of HIV infection that cause death. AIDS refers to the body’s immune-compromised state that can no longer stop OIs from developing and becoming so deadly.

What is the Difference Between HIV and AIDS?
You don't have AIDS as soon as you are infected with HIV. You can be HIV+ for many years with no signs of disease, or only mild-to-moderate symptoms. But without treatment, HIV will eventually wear down the immune system in most people to the point that they develop more serious OIs.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) USA defines someone as having AIDS if he or she is HIV+ and meets one or both of these conditions:
Has had at least one of 21 AIDS-defining opportunistic infections Has had a CD4 cell count (T-cell count) of 200 cells or less (a normal CD4 count varies by laboratory, but usually is in the 600 to 1,500 range)
How Do I Know if I Have HIV?
Most people can not tell that they have been exposed or infected. It can take up to 12 weeks for an HIV test to come back positive. However most people respond much faster. Within two to four weeks of exposure to HIV, you might have flu-like symptoms such as fever, swollen glands, muscle aches, or rash.

The only way to know for sure if you are infected is take an HIV test. If you are infected, your immune system will make antibodies to fight the virus. The HIV test looks for these antibodies. If you have them in your blood, it means that you have HIV infection.

Do I Need to Get Tested for HIV?
The CDC estimates that more than 25% of HIV+ people are unaware of their HIV status. Many of these people look and feel healthy and do not think they are at risk. But the truth is that anyone of any age, gender, race, sexual orientation, or social or economic class can become infected. It is your actions (or the actions taken against you), that put you at risk. You should be tested if:
You have had vaginal, anal, or oral sex without a condom You have shared needles or syringes to inject drugs (including steroids or hormones) You are uncertain of your partner’s status or your partner is HIV+ You are pregnant or are considering becoming pregnant You have ever been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease You have hepatitis C
Why Should I Get Tested?If you test HIV+ there are effective medications to help you stay well. But you cannot get the health care and treatment you need if you do not know your HIV status. Being unaware of your status also makes it more likely to unknowingly pass HIV to others.

If you test HIV- you can take steps to stay that way. You can also spare yourself unnecessary worrying.

What Tests are Available?The most common test for HIV is the antibody test (called ELISA). It can be done on blood, saliva, or urine. According to the CDC, it is more than 99% accurate. Results are generally available within two weeks. (There is a rapid ELISA test that gives results in less than half an hour.)

A positive result means your body has developed antibodies for HIV, so you are infected with the virus. To be completely certain, positive results are confirmed with a more sensitive test called the Western blot.

A negative result means your body has not developed antibodies and are probably not infected. To get truly accurate results, it's necessary to wait three to six months after your last possible exposure to the virus before being tested. That is because the immune system can take anywhere from three to twelve weeks to make antibodies. In this "window period," someone may get an unclear result or a false negative.
THE HIV VIRUS ,WHAT ARE THE CHALLAGES TO FIGHT AGAINST THIS VIRUS:-It is a T -lymphocytic RNA Virus which is classified as Retrovirus ,
it uses RNA to as its source for genetic information,
It do not contain its own DNA,where as it uses RNA for first forming a (DNA copy ) for its multiplication with help of reverse transcriptase enzyme, after it gets entry in hosts cell this is called reverse transcription (RNA TO DNA AND TO PROTEIN SYSNTHESIS). The process of normal cell DNA multiplication is called trancription(DNA TO RNA AND TO PROTEIN SYSNTHESIS). as protien syntesis and multiplication is a process only DNA can bring about.virus intercalates and instigates its (DNA copy ) in human DNA and thus , when ever our body , cell under goes multiplication or , it brings about protein synthesis for our body for normal metabolism , our cell by defollt also synthesizes Virus RNA ,and Virus proteins ,and these Viral RNA and proteins assemble together to form a new virus (Process of virus multiplication).
The enzyme which help virus to Integrate its (DNA copy ) in Human DNA is Intercalase ,
for this (DNA copy ) to get proper place in Human DNA a enzyme , Ligaase , which cuts Human DNA at correct required Point . This point Varies in Person to person ,it will be different in different individuals and hence a mutation occurs in Virus DNA ,and newly Virus thus formed is different from original, which is mutation.
These are the enzyme which has made this virus very deadly,
as it moves from one human to other , its genetic code for protein amino acid sequence changes ,
and it makes difficult to establish a identity from one host to other ,consider it as a mutation from one virus to other.
that is the reason why we are not able to produce vaccine for this.
as there are challenges there are solutions,
WHAT ARE THE SOLUTIONS
Virus Has a unique way of infecting host cell,
that is through CD4 RECEPTOR over T -LYMPHOCITC CELLS (a main part of human body to provide immunity against any sort of infection)
hence method of attachment to cd4 receptor is same , hence we can possibly identify the sequence of amino acid in the protein coat over counter part on HIV virus which attaches to CD4 RECEPTOR,
This protein sequence can enable us to develop a part of protein of virus and we can use this as a VACCINE ,
HOW IS THE CHEMOTHERAPY DESIGNED ?HIV VIRUS contains RNA ,and our body cells contain DNA,
And only key difference in both, is a Nucleotide Thiamine trineuclio phospahte , if we are able to stop , usage of this nucleotide by virus , eventually virus growth of virus as RNA for next virus is not synthesized there by stoping growing and will stop killing our body difence mechanism
This is what is done by available medicines like azidothymidine,
zudovudine,
same way virus multiplication can be hampered by using Uracil anti metabolite ,
where you can incorporate -N=NH moiety like in zudovudine and it can survive as DNA elongation step inhibitor.
it may be equally harmful to Patients body beyond some extent.
Hence combination Therapy ,which will help take care of infective process of virus at all stages of infection has to be blended together,
Drugs should be combined to,
1.Genetically engineered CD4(Partial Vaccines):-
Here we can Design CD4 receptor in vitro (genetic engenerring)
and these engineered receptor will get targeted by virus and there by make it loss its RNA in serum before entry in host cell.
2. Drugs which inhibit attachment :-
eg:- amantadine
3. Drugs which will hamper intigartion of PRO VIRUS TO HUMAN DNA .
URACIL ANTI METABOLITE,
4. Reverse transcriptasae inhibitors
(virus synthesizes its DNA from RNA (THIS IS CALLED REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION) in host cell after geting in host cell
eg:- AZIDOTHYMYDINE.
5.Intigraese inhibitor:-these drugs are under development and are suppose to inhibit Pro virus DNA to intigrate in o Human DNA.
6.Immunoglobulines :-They Surround HIV virus and its componets , and neutralize its activity.
6:- Poly -Poly units:-eg :- poly -ala.(POLY ALANINE)
Inhibits reverse transcription,And intigrasae.by forming a back bone Hydrogen bonding with DNA strands in process of replication , and thus Reverse-transcription,And Transcription is inhibited.
Combination of all step inhibiters will give good result.
There are other many drugs which are required to be tested
To know in detail about aids hiv drugs used on hiv aids read this blog in detail.





==========================================================
Source:

Basic Information about HIV and AIDS ==>
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/basic/index.htm


HIV vaccine research
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/hivaids/research/vaccines/Pages/default.aspx



==========================================================




Last updated:  19-Aug-2008



Saturday, August 9, 2008

Live Your Life In Natural Way, Dont Panic, Tommarow is Ours ,We Will Get Remedy Soon

Dear Friends ,
as far as i know ,life is precious,
we have 100 years of life
and a year contains 365 days means
we have life of 36500 days,
think as if we are here on earth for a picnic,
we have to enjoy this picnic,
Do we do any thing like this while we are on picnic,
this world is so beautiful you should enjoy second by second and moment by moment of it,so live your life till you leave your body naturally.Don't our Body get Older by Age?
Don't we get tired due to age?Then do any one do such thing.he keeps on living .
so what is HIV, AIDS ?, why you are so worried of it?
there are going to be definite solutions for this disease,
so till then live your life.
There are cases in world with normal chemotherapy we get enough life,
Only thing that makes us week is our mind,so remove the worry from mind that there is no solution for this disease,just take few precautions.and live good life,
if treated properly ,considering case to case ,immune response, one can be free with this virus, the count will reduce or become zero. But as your sensitised by virus your other tests will show positive , that does not mean that all hopes are gone,
I don't understand .
peoples fight each other in WARS killing other human being ,
solders fight with each other ,treating them as enemy and fight till one is killed by other they fight with each other.
Why this attitude is not there for Fight against HIV AIDS,
WE SHOULD HOLD TILL LAST MOMENT ,
YOU NEVER KNOW YOU WILL GET CURED NEXT DAY when sun arises ,next morning .so you should leave you life every day read my blog for what hopes we are having for fighting against this disease.
Live Your Life In Natural Way, Don't Panic, Tomorrow is Ours ,We Will Get Remedy Soon
if you have any question write me comments on my blog http://www.bvwaghmare.blogspot.com/
i will reply your questions.


i have written in detail about aids hiv drugs used on hiv aids in my other posts.



Source:

http://magazine.ucla.edu/exclusives/stress_drug/


=======================================================


Last updated : 9-Aug-2008